Basics are, there five waktu shalat in a day
Basics are, there five waktu shalat in a day
Here are some Unix file basics.
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Filenames are case sensitive. That is, "
MYFILE" and "MyFile" are different files. -
The root directory means root of the filesystem referred as simply "
/". Don't confuse this with the home directory for the root user: "/root". -
Every directory has a name which can contain any letters or symbols except "
/". The root directory is an exception; its name is "/" (pronounced "slash" or "the root directory") and it cannot be renamed. -
Each file or directory is designated by a fully-qualified filename, absolute filename, or path, giving the sequence of directories which must be passed through to reach it. The three terms are synonymous.
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All fully-qualified filenames begin with the "
/" directory, and there's a "/" between each directory or file in the filename. The first "/" is the top level directory, and the other "/"'s separate successive subdirectories, until we reach the last entry which is the name of the actual file. The words used here can be confusing. Take the following fully-qualified filename as an example: "/usr/share/keytables/us.map.gz". However, people also refers to its basename "us.map.gz" alone as a filename. -
The root directory has a number of branches, such as "
/etc/" and "/usr/". These subdirectories in turn branch into still more subdirectories, such as "/etc/init.d/" and "/usr/local/". The whole thing viewed collectively is called the directory tree. You can think of an absolute filename as a route from the base of the tree ("/") to the end of some branch (a file). You also hear people talk about the directory tree as if it were a family tree encompassing all direct descendants of a single figure called the root directory ("/"): thus subdirectories have parents, and a path shows the complete ancestry of a file. There are also relative paths that begin somewhere other than the root directory. You should remember that the directory "../" refers to the parent directory. This terminology also applies to other directory like structures, such as hierarchical data structures. -
There's no special directory path name component that corresponds to a physical device, such as your hard disk. This differs from RT-11, CP/M, OpenVMS, MS-DOS, AmigaOS, and Microsoft Windows, where the path contains a device name such as "
C:\". (However, directory entries do exist that refer to physical devices as a part of the normal filesystem. See Section 1.2.2, “Filesystem internals”.)
![[Note]](images/note.png)
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While you can use almost any letters or symbols in a file name, in practice it is a bad idea to do so. It is better to avoid any characters that often have special meanings on the command line, including spaces, tabs, newlines, and other special characters: |
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The word "root" can mean either "root user" or "root directory". The context of their usage should make it clear. |
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The word path is used not only for fully-qualified filename as above but also for the command search path. The intended meaning is usually clear from the context. |
The detailed best practices for the file hierarchy are described in the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard ("/usr/share/doc/debian-policy/fhs/fhs-2.3.txt.gz" and hier(7)). You should remember the following facts as the starter.
![[Tip]](/images/tip.png)
Keep your backup system simple and backup your system often. Having backup data is more important than how technically good your backup method is.
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